Investigating the performance of bistatic gpr antennas for. Alternative technologies to replace antipersonnel landmines. Before i start, i would like to thank the foreign ministry of the lithuanian government for so kindly inviting me to vilnius for this meeting, and for my old friend the icrc for sponsoring me. The 1997 convention on the prohibition of the use, stockpiling, production and transfer of antipersonnel mines and on their destruction is the international agreement that bans antipersonnel landmines. A deadly legacy, the arms project, human rights watch, and physicians for human rights, 275. The legal contribution of the international committee of the red cross 19551999 louis maresca, stuart maslen download bok.
Dec, 2010 specifically, on march 24, 1995, the united states ratified the convention on certain conventional weapons and protocol ii, which restricts the use of anti personnel and anti vehicle landmines. This study examines the military case for continued use of anti personnel landmines. Antipersonnel landmines how is antipersonnel landmines. The first landmine, the m14, is a pressureoperated blast mine. A study of the military use and effectiveness of antipersonnel mines. The icrc, along with governments, the international campaign to ban landmines and the united nations, argued for a comprehensive prohibition on their use, stockpiling, production and transfer. The signing by 123 states of the convention on the prohibition of antipersonnel landmines ottawa treaty in december 1997 was the culmination of lengthy e fforts to lay down international rules against the use of anti personnel mines. They do not distinguish between civilian and military targets. Today, the obama administration is announcing new policy changes that bring the united states closer to that goal. Antipersonnel mines international committee of the red cross. They are indiscriminate weapons capable of inflicting grave injuries. The campaign to ban antipersonnel mines was one of the major humanitarian initiatives of the last three decades. Mines employed in conflicts since 1940, whether by professional armies, by insurgents or in counterinsurgency operations, have rarely been used in conformity with international law, and have little or no effect on the outcome of hostilities. Resettlement handbook, the united nations high commissioner for refugees.
The report commissioned by the icrc looked at the use and effectiveness of the weapons through a 55year span. New technologies could replace some, but not all, of the u. Read land mine books like intelligence bulletin aug 1945 and intelligence bulletin jan 1943 for free with a free 30day trial. Alternative technologies to replace antipersonnel landmines emphasizes the role that technology can play to allow certain weapons to be used more selectively, reducing the danger to uninvolved civilians while improving the effectiveness of the u. Friend or foe a study of the military use and effectiveness. A study of the military use and effectiveness of antipersonnel mines by international committee of the red cross pp. Investigating the performance of bistatic gpr antennas. Antipersonnel mines international committee of the red. The failure to ban, or even strictly limit, the use of anti personnel landmines due to the assumption that they are an essential weapon of high military value prompted the icrc to commission this independent study on the use and effectiveness of anti personnel landmines in conflicts over the past 55 years. After more than 30 years since the 1982 war between argentina and the united kingdom, only 5000 landmines out of the original 20,000 anti personal and 5000 anti tank landmines have been cleared. The international committee of the red cross has played a key role in the effort to ban anti personnel landmines. Solutions to the global landmine crisis by kevin m. A study on the military use and effectiveness of antipersonnel mines.
The signing by 123 states of the convention on the prohibition of antipersonnel landmines ottawa treaty in december 1997 was the culmination of lengthy e fforts to lay down international rules against the use of antipersonnel mines. Landmine monitor report 2001 united states, human rights watch, 2001. International customary law and antipersonnel landmines. In this example, the target object was a pma3 anti personnel landmine. It was adopted in 1997 and it entered into force on 1 march 1999.
Here youll find current best sellers in books, new releases in books, deals in books, kindle ebooks, audible audiobooks, and so much more. Under the ottawa treaty on antipersonnel mine ban, the british government had the legal responsibility to remove them by 2009. Basic books and the council on foreign relations, 1995. My name is paddy blagden, and i am an independent consultant.
For the purposes of this article, we have chosen two landmines developed by the united states military that demonstrate the varying characteristics of landmines. The twoway saying it wants to join an international treaty banning anti personnel land mines, the u. Under the ottawa treaty on anti personnel mine ban, the british government had the legal responsibility to remove them by 2009. At mines are usually larger and contain more explosive materials. Executive summary 415 press release 423 17 third session. Dipankar banerjee and mallika joseph, anti personnel landmines. Later, three publications were essential in fostering a mounting awareness. Sometimes referred to as the ottawa convention, the mine ban treaty is officially titled.
A study of the military use and effectiveness of antipersonnel mines geneva. Friend or foe a study of the military use and effectiveness of anti personnel mines. A study of the military use and e vectiveness of anti personnel mines, commissioned by the icrc,march 1996 415 anti personnel landmines friend or foe. Handheld sensor fusion for landmine detection using metal detector and gpr. The detection of buried landmines using probing robots. It is usually referred to as the ottawa convention or the antipersonnel mine ban treaty. Convention on the prohibition of the use, stockpiling, production and transfer of antipersonnel mines and on their destruction, commonly referred to as the ottawa convention. The failure to ban, or even strictly limit, the use of antipersonnel landmines due to the assumption that they are an essential weapon of high military value prompted the icrc to commission this independent study on the use and effectiveness of antipersonnel landmines in conflicts over the past 55 years. This study examines the military case for continued use of antipersonnel landmines. That is why, since i called for the global elimination of land mines in 1994, the united states has been at the forefront of the effort to ban them not just in words. There are severalhundred different kinds of antipersonnel mines in use by many countries. After more than 30 years since the 1982 war between argentina and the united kingdom, only 5000 landmines out of the original 20,000 antipersonal and 5000 antitank landmines have been cleared.
Detection of landmines in peat soils by controlled. International committee of the red cross, anti personnel landmines. Friend or foe a study of the military use and effectiveness of antipersonnel mines. Mission the international committee of the red cross icrc is an impartial, neutral and independent organization. A study of the military use and e vectiveness of antipersonnel mines, commissioned by the icrc,march 1996 415 antipersonnel landmines friend or foe. India and landmine ban treaty major general nilendra kumar, avsm, vsm retd anti personnel mines are munitions designed to explode from the contact, presence or proximity of a person. The 1997 convention on the prohibition of the use, stockpiling, production and transfer of anti personnel mines and on their destruction is the international agreement that bans antipersonnel landmines. Ann denholm crosby and marshall beier, in harnessing change for continuity, take issue with governments and ngos promoting the influential red cross pamphlet, antipersonnel mines.
Read naval mine books like axis midget submarines and war on hospital ships, 19141918 for free with a free 30day trial. The operational implications of banning antipersonnel landmines dtic no. Elsevier robotics and autonomous systems 23 1998 235243 robotics and autonomous systems the detection of buried landmines using probing robots kenneth m. President clinton, in his 1994 address to the united nations general assembly, called for the eventual elimination of antipersonnel landmines apl.
An independent study commissioned by the icrc and carried out by a former british army officer and a senior demining adviser for the uns department of peacekeeping operations. International committee of the red cross, march 1996. Williams department of computer science, trinity college, dublin, ireland abstract this paper presents a new approach to the detection of anti personnel landmines which is based on the physical detection of. Mines employed in conflicts since 1940, whether by professional armies, by insurgents or in counterinsurgency operations, have rarely been used in conformity with international law. A study of the military use and effectiveness of anti personnel mines 0654002 06. A study of the military use and effectiveness of anti personnel mines geneva.
If it were not for landmines, a lot of damage to citizens, animals, and resources would not occur. On september 23, 2014, the united states government announced a new policy with a commitment not. In 1996, the icrc published a landmark paper, antipersonnel landmines. Antipersonnel landmines convention where global solutions. A study of the military use and effectiveness of anti personnel mines. A study of the military use and effectiveness of anti personnel mines in 1996.
A study of the military use and effectiveness of antipersonnel mines 0654002 06. May 24, 2018 the campaign to ban anti personnel mines was one of the major humanitarian initiatives of the last three decades. A military perspective, in clearing the fields, ed. A representative example of the response of the gpr system from a training lane that contained homogenous soil is shown here. The legal contribution of the international committee of the red cross 19551999 louis maresca, stuart maslen download. Antipersonnel landmines how is antipersonnel landmines abbreviated. It is usually referred to as the ottawa convention or the anti personnel mine ban treaty. Learn from naval mine experts like jamie prenatt and stephen mcgreal. Combining electromagnetic spectroscopy and groundpenetrating. Learn from land mine experts like cap history library and cap history library. Williams department of computer science, trinity college, dublin, ireland abstract this paper presents a new approach to the detection of antipersonnel landmines which is based on the physical detection of.
The books homepage helps you explore earths biggest bookstore without ever leaving the comfort of your couch. This book provides an overview of the work of the icrc concerning landmines from 1955 through 1999. In late 1998 and as an additional tool for mine awareness training, an animated cartoon was produced on the subject of. A study of the military use and effectiveness of antipersonnel mines in 1996. The test site, established in 2000, is owned by hcrctro and it consists of blind test lanes and training lanes. Dictionary of the international law of armed conflict. Specifically, on march 24, 1995, the united states ratified the convention on certain conventional weapons and protocol ii, which restricts the use. The twoway saying it wants to join an international treaty banning antipersonnel land mines, the u.
International committee of the red cross, 1997, 88p. Sep 23, 2014 president clinton, in his 1994 address to the united nations general assembly, called for the eventual elimination of anti personnel landmines apl. A study of the military use and effectiveness of anti personnel mines this study examines the military case for continued use of anti personnel landmines. These mines are used to disable tanks, trucks, and the people in the surrounding area. Humanitarian security regimes international affairs.
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